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models_of_social_intelligence [2009-01-12 17:48] – davegriffiths | models_of_social_intelligence [2009-01-19 11:58] – davegriffiths | ||
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=====Social Intelligence in Humans===== | =====Social Intelligence in Humans===== | ||
+ | What is social intelligence? | ||
* Begins in childhood with attachment and love for caregivers | * Begins in childhood with attachment and love for caregivers | ||
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* Relationships grow and fade as time passes | * Relationships grow and fade as time passes | ||
- | A long term companion needs to apply the same strategies for creating and maintaining relationships if it's to be effective. | + | A long term artificial |
=====Emotions and personality===== | =====Emotions and personality===== | ||
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Emotions and personality need to be expressed for people to gain an empathic relation with an agent. | Emotions and personality need to be expressed for people to gain an empathic relation with an agent. | ||
- | * Disney animation | + | * Disney animation |
- | * Actions -> Feelings -> Personality | + | * The theory is that actions lead to feelings, which lead to personality |
- | Companions need to have a consistent personality to maintain long term relationships. | + | Companions need to have a consistent personality |
=====Theory of mind===== | =====Theory of mind===== | ||
- | A theory of mind is a model of a users emotional state, gained by measuring affective state from sensor input. In this way an agent return an empathic relationship with a human. Such a model must include a users: | + | See also: [[Theory of Mind in Robotics]] |
+ | |||
+ | A theory of mind in a robot is a model of a users (or another agent' | ||
* Emotional state | * Emotional state | ||
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=====Memory and Adaptation===== | =====Memory and Adaptation===== | ||
- | A companion needs to adapt and evolve based on past experiences. | + | A companion needs to adapt and evolve based on past experiences. |
- | To some extent | + | |
======Socially intelligent agents====== | ======Socially intelligent agents====== | ||
- | Human intelligence includes: | + | Human intelligence includes |
- | * Efficient problem solving | + | * Efficient problem solving |
* Social and emotional intelligence | * Social and emotional intelligence | ||
- | Socially intelligent agents need to have the appearance of socially | + | Socially intelligent agents need to have the appearance of social |
This social information is part of a robot' | This social information is part of a robot' | ||
- | ***The expectation of social interaction of an agent depends on it's form, a human form is more natural, but also creates very high expectations - which are not currently | + | ***The expectation of social interaction of an agent depends on it's form, a human form is more natural, but also creates very high expectations - expectations |
=====Castelfranchi' | =====Castelfranchi' | ||
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- Social structures and organisation: | - Social structures and organisation: | ||
- | Establishing relationships might be easy - it's quite possible for people to have relationships of a form with inanimate objects, maintaining and developing a relationship is harder. | + | Establishing relationships might be easy - for instance, |
Bickmore & Picard - relationship maintenance strategies, based on human-human relationship maintenance: | Bickmore & Picard - relationship maintenance strategies, based on human-human relationship maintenance: | ||
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* The influence of a social agent on a person | * The influence of a social agent on a person | ||
- | * Social agent = another person, social role, norm or group | + | * Social agent could be another person, |
* Social power can be resisted | * Social power can be resisted | ||
+ | * The amount of influence of a social power can be controlled | ||
=====Social Attraction===== | =====Social Attraction===== | ||
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http:// | http:// | ||
- | POX triple | + | The theory states that people tend to avoid unstable cognitive configurations. For instance if agent A knows and likes agent B, and they both are aware of, and have positive feelings towards object C then there is balance, similarly if they both have negative feelings towards object C. If they disagree then there is imbalance, which can be resolved from agent A's perspective by one of three steps: |
- | p = person | + | * Agent A switches to dislike of agent B |
- | o = other person | + | * Agent A decides to change it's mind and agree with agent B about object C |
- | x = object | + | * Agent A attempts to change agent B's mind, in order to make it agree about object |
- | The theory states that people tend to avoid unstable cognitive configurations. | + | The last option takes more work than the other two, and so there is also a concept of cost for maintaining social balance. |
======Examples of Socially Intelligent Agents====== | ======Examples of Socially Intelligent Agents====== | ||
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http:// | http:// | ||
- | =======Social Robots====== | + | =====Social Robots===== |
Sociable physical robots | Sociable physical robots | ||
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======Emotions and personality in Social Agents====== | ======Emotions and personality in Social Agents====== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Theoretical foundations start with Darwin' | ||
+ | [[wp> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Appraisal Theories===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | State that emotions are the result of evaluating an event or situation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Primary appraisal: Is this relevant to me? | ||
+ | - Secondary appraisal: How should I cope with it? | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Emotions to personalities===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Emotions ^ Moods ^ Personality Traits ^ | ||
+ | | Seconds/ | ||
(Moffat, 1997) states, “personality is the name we give to (an agent’s) reactions tendencies that are consistent over situations and time”. | (Moffat, 1997) states, “personality is the name we give to (an agent’s) reactions tendencies that are consistent over situations and time”. | ||
- | =====Computational | + | |
+ | ======Examples of computational | ||
**EMA**: http:// | **EMA**: http:// | ||
- | **FAtiMA** | + | **FAtiMA**: Used in Fear Not! (is this part of ION?) |
* Events + Emotions -> Appraisal | * Events + Emotions -> Appraisal | ||
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* -> emotion -> autobiographic memory | * -> emotion -> autobiographic memory | ||
+ | **PSI**: [[http:// | ||
+ | Needs/ | ||
+ | * food | ||
+ | * water | ||
+ | * physical integrity | ||
+ | * sexuality | ||
+ | * affiliation (social need) | ||
+ | * certainty and competence | ||
+ | Needs given weights, Reactive level/ | ||
+ | More info: [[http:// | ||